56 - Ginkô: Tennō Yūryaku overpowers a large wild boar at Mount Katuragi

Ginkô: Tennō Yūryaku overpowers a large wild boar at Mount Katuragi, 1896

Emperorr Yūryaku, [雄略天皇 - Yūryaku-tennô], who reigned about 456-469 AD, was the 21st emperor of Japan. Here Adachi Ginkô shows him as a hunter: Tennō Yūryaku overpowers a large wild boar at Mount Katuragi in 461 AD. The print is from 1896.

Tennô [天皇] means "heavenly sovereign" and is the official title of the Japanese ruler. "Emperor" is a Western attempt of a translation. But "Tennô" in Japanese refers only to the Japanese ruler. Foreign emperors are called kōtei [皇帝]. However, the title tennô is not known to have been used before the 40th emperor, Tenmu, who reigned 631-686 AD. Thus Yūryaku was never called tennô in his lifetime.

55 - Eizan: Hanaôgi of the Ôgiya

Eizan: Hanaôgi of the Ôgiya, 1806-1808

The widely underrated Kikugawa Eizan (1787-1867), completed and ended the development of classical bijinga, which leads in a straight line from Haronubu, via Koryusai, Kiyonaga and Utamaro, finally to peak with Eizan. Both Koryusai and Eizan are often overlooked, but they certainly deserve attention as the masters they were.

This is Hanaôgi of the Ôgiya, from the series Women of Seven Houses (Shichikenjin), a pun on Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove. Eizan created this print sometime between 1806 and 1808.

54 - Shinsai: Carp among pond plants

Shinsai: Carp among pond plants

This surimono shows a carp and water-weeds. Carps occur frequently in Japanese art, where they symbolise "achievement against adversity".

The artist is Ryūryūkyo Shinsai (1764?-1823, active 1799-1823), who was one of Hokusai's students.

53 - Hokusai: The Strong Oi Pouring Sake

Hokusai: The Strong Oi Pouring Sake

The Strong Oi Pouring Sake is a portrait Hokusai made of his daughter, Oi. She was also an artist and her art name was Sakae; the title of the portrait is likely to be a pun based on that.

Sake is a Japanese alcoholic beverage, sometimes called rice wine. While it is made of rice, it is not correct to call it wine. It is not, as wine, made by fermentation of sugar naturally present in grapes (or other fruit), but by a brewing-like process, where starch is first converted to sugar, which is then fermented to produce the alcohol. Thus, technically, sake is not wine.