101 - Shunkō: Matsumoto Kōshirō IV as Tsurunosuke

Shunkō: Matsumoto Kōshirō IV as Tsurunosuke

Katsukawa Shunkō (1743-1812) was the first artist who made okubi-e, so-called large head portraits. He is considered the creator of the genre.

Here we have an example of his art: Matsumoto Kōshirō IV as Tsurunosuke, a portrait of a kabuki actor in a specific role.

84 - Eisen: Ono no Komachi – A Shy Girl

Eisen: A shy girl

 
Keisai Eisen (1790-1848) is especially known for his okubi-e. With him, the style is changing. Classical bijinga is over, and he enters new realms. The pictures become less ethereal.

This is an okubi-e, a print from about 1820: Ono no Komachi – A Shy Girl.

76 - Eishô: Motozue of the Daimonjiya

Eishô: Motozue of the Daimonjiya

This is an okubi-e by Chôkôsai Eishô (active approximately 1780-1800) - Motozue of the Daimonjiya, from the series Contest of Beauties of the Pleasure Quarters (Kakuchû bijin kurabe), from 1795-1797.

Eishô created several beautiful bijinga in the form of okubi-e. This picture, a portrait of a courtesan, is made extra interesting by the addition of a cat as a contrast to the face.

71 - Sadamasu: Kataoka Ichizo as Mitsuhide Akechi

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Sadamasu: Kataoka Ichizo as Mitsuhide Akechi

Utagawa Kunimasu, sometimes called Sadamasu, was active about 1830-1854. Besides the probability of his having studied under Kunisada, very little is known about him.

The print is Kataoka Ichizo as Mitsuhide Akechi, from about 1841, a yakusha-e of a sort that is called okubi-e. That is when the picture mainly shows the head, but no complete body.

10 - Utamaro: Three Beauties of the Present Day

Utamaro: Three Beauties of the Present Day - 1793

Kitagawa Utamaro (1753-1806) is one of the most influential ukiyo-e artists, and one of the few who became famous beyond Japan. He is best known for his bijinga, pictures of beautiful girls, one of the major sub-genres of ukiyo-e. 

Utamaro introduced a certain realism of the faces, which had so far been idealised and stereotyped. This print, "Three Beauties of the Present Day" [Tōji San Bijin], from 1793, shows a triangular composition of three girls in the style of okubi-e (large head). Okubi-e had so far been yakusha-e, portraits of kabuki actors, but Utamaro applied it in bijinga.

The heads seem alike, but on a closer look, there are subtle differences which make them individual. In fact, the girls are the geisha Tomimoto Toyohina (top), and the two waitresses Takashima Hisa (left) and Naniwa Kita (right), who figure on many prints by Utamaro and others.

It has sometimes been claimed that this picture was the first (or one of the first) bijinga with girls who were not courtesans. That is not true - it was already started by Harunobu, who sometimes made bijinga with beauties from everyday life.

08 - Toyohara Kunichika: Actor Kawarazaki Gonnosuke as Daroku

Toyohara Kunichika - Actor Kawarazaki Gonnosuke as Daroku - approx. 1869

For Toyohara Kunichika (1835-1900), kabuki was a great passion and his most important works were yakusha-e. With one foot in the Meiji era, he was one of the last ukiyo-e masters.

This print is Actor Kawarazaki Gonnosuke as Daroku, and was made about 1869. While the title, as well as literature to which I have access, only says Kawarazaki Gonnosuke, this most likely is Kawarazaki Gonnosuke VII, although I am not entirely certain of the number.

The picture is a yakusha-e, a portrait of a kabuki actor, but also an okubi-e, which is the term for "big head" portraits. The colours illustrate an innovation within ukiyo-e during Kunichika's career: the introduction of aniline colours to Japan. Strong red, blue, and purple aniline shades became common in prints, and they were sometimes exaggeratedly used in the last phase of ukiyo-e, during the Meiji era.

In Kabuki, red make-up indicates anger, forcefulness, and obstinacy.